Смотрите
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Муравьи подсемейства Myrmicinae (3)
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Myrmicinae: 1 2
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АПОМОРФИИ ПО БОЛТОНУ (Bolton, 2003)
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См. здесь общий обзор подсемейства Myrmicinae, классификацию по Длусскому (1988) здесь >>>, а по Болтону (2003) см.здесь >>>. Полный алфавитный список всех родов с указанием автора и года их описания см.отдельно >>>. См. историю выделения триб и подсемейств и их групп, обзор подсемейств см.здесь >>>.
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Апоморфии подсемейства Myrmicinae (по Bolton, 2003)
- Metapleural gland orifice a longitudinal slit or crescent, opening dorsally to posterodorsally, and not overhung by a cuticular flange or flap
- Petiole in posterior view with fused tergite and sternite equally convex, with their inner margins forming a circle
- Helcial tergite and sternite form a rough circle in frontal view, their apices meeting end to end, and the tergite not overlapping the sternite
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СИНАПОМОРФИИ по Барони Урбани и др. (Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992)
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Синапоморфии подсемейства Myrmicinae (Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317):
- Fusion of the pronotum to the mesonotum
- Absence of a pair of transparent pegs on the labrum
- Presternite of abdominal segment III (the postpetiole) not overlapped laterally by the pretergite.
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Подсемейство Myrmicinae (Formicidae)
ДРУГИЕ ПОДСЕМЕЙСТВА МУРАВЬЕВ:
Agroecomyrmecinae, Amblyoponinae, Aneuretinae, Armaniinae, Brownimecia clavata,
Dolichoderinae, Dorylomorphs (Aenictogitoninae, Aenictinae, Cerapachyinae, Dorylinae,
Ecitoninae, Leptanilloidinae),
Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Formiciinae, Heteroponerinae, Leptanillinae,
Myrmeciinae, Myrmicinae, Paraponera, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae,
Pseudomyrmecinae, Sphecomyrminae
Синапоморфии трибы Attini, разделяемые с Blepharidattini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Anterior clypeal margin with a broad anteclypeal apron or flange that fits tightly over basal margins of mandibles at an angle to outline of clypeus; anteclypeal apron of a different sculpture/texture from median portion of clypeus
Апоморфии трибы Attini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Median clypeal seta arises from below level of other setae
- Frontal lobes broad, with strongly convex outer margins that are constricted or pinched-in posteriorly
- Larvae with leg vestiges represented by open integumental slits, with short and narrow labrum, and fleshy, subconical, nearly straight mandibles
- Cultivate fungi (yeast or mycelium)
Апоморфии трибы Basicerotini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Labrum with a deeply incised transverse groove across entire width, distal of hinge with clypeus
- Dorsal torulus lobe hypertrophied and strongly curved downward, plane of movement of basal scape neck very restricted
- Base of scape passes through two right-angled bends (not in the same plane)
- Helcium arises from base of a broad and deeply concave depression in anterior surface of abdominal segment III
- Tergite and sternite of abdominal segment IV transversely marginate basally, with dense, sharply incised, separated punctures
Признаки трибы Crematogastrini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Helcium much enlarged, with a diameter in profile subequal to, or greater than, depth of postpetiole
Сиапоморфии трибы Cephalotini, разделяемые с родом Cataulacus (по Bolton, 2003)
- Abdominal segment III with tergosternal fusion
- Tergite of abdominal segment IV hypertrophied, comprising entire dorsum of gaster in dorsal view
- Ileum dilated and thickened to accommodate microorganisms
Апоморфии трибы Cephalotini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Proventriculus mushroom-shaped, with a sclerotized cuticular framework
Сиапоморфии трибы Dacetini, разделяемые с другими членами Группы "Dacetine tribe group" (по Bolton, 2003)
- Head anterior to antennnal sockets strongly narrowed from side to side
- Masticatory margins of mandibles oppose but do not overlap when mandibles fully closed
- Trigger hairs on labrum or mandible
- Specialized labral shape
- Preocular carina present
Апоморфии трибы Dacetini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Mandible with a medially projecting cuticular basimandibular process on inner margin close to base (an extrusion of the mandible)
- Dorsum of labrum with one or two medial impressions that receive the basimandibular processes when the mandibles are fully closed
Признаки трибы Meranoplini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Mesosoma short and compact
- Promesonotum forms a shield that overhangs the pleurae laterally and usually overhangs the propodeum posteriorly
- Antennae with 9 segments, with a 3-segmented club
Признаки трибы Melissotarsini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Median portion of clypeus does not project back between antennal sockets
- Basitarsi of middle and hind legs short and stout
- Propodeal lobes absent
- Sternite of postpetiole reduced and very short
- Postpetiole broadly articulated to abdominal segment IV; articulation high on anterior face of segment IV
Признаки трибы Myrmecinini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Anterior margin of labrum angled abruptly downward preapically so that margin appears very thick in anterior view
- Labrum mediodorsally, at line of downcurvature (apparent anterior margin), with a transverse cuticular raised ridge, or a series of 2-3 small teeth, or both of these
Апоморфии трибы Phalacromyrmecini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Dentition alternating between small and large teeth from base to apex; main teeth larger toward the base, the basal tooth usually largest
- Katepisternum with oblique groove/impression that extends from posterior margin of the mesopleural gland towards metapleuron
Признаки трибы Pheidolini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Promesonotum domed in profile
- Mesonotum elongated posteriorly and its posterior portion sloped
Синапоморфии трибы Solenopsidini, которые она разделяет со Stenammini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Clypeus constricted posteriorly
- Median portion of clypeus narrowed from side to side and elevated, usually bicarinate on the dorsal surface of the elevated section
Признаки трибы Tetramoriini (по Bolton, 2003)
- Sting with a spatulate to pennant-shaped lamellate appendage that projects from the dorsum of the shaft
- Male with second funicular segment of antenna an elongate fusion-segment
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ОСНОВНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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Длусский Г.М., Федосеева Е.Б. (1988) Происхождение и ранние этапы эволюции муравьёв.\\ Меловой и биоценотический кризис и эволюция насекомых. М.:Наука, 1988. - Стр.70-144.
[Длусский Г.М...] Dlussky, G. M. & Perfilieva, K. S. (2003) "Paleogene ants of the genus Archimyrmex Cockerell, 1923 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmeciinae)." // "Paleontological Journal" - 37: 39-47.
[Длусский Г.М...] Dlussky G.M., Denis J. Brothers, A. P. Rasnitsyn. (2004) "The first Late Cretaceous ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from southern Africa, with comments on the origin of the Myrmicinae." // "Insect Syst. Evol.", (Copenhagen)2004, vol.35: 1-13.
Baroni Urbani, C. (1980). First description of fossil gardening ants (Amber Collection Stuttgart and Natural History Museum Basel, Hymenoptera: Formicidae. 1: Attini). Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie) No. 54: 1-13.
Bolton, B. (1994). Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bolton, B. (1995). A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bolton, B. (1998). Monophyly of the dacetonine tribe-group and its component tribes. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Entomology Series) 67: 65-78.
Bolton, B. (1999). Ant genera of the tribe Dacetonini. Journal of Natural History 33: 1639-1689.
Bolton, B. (2000). The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65: 1028 pp.
Bolton, B. (2003). Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. 370 pp. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Vol. 71. Gainesville, FL.
Emery, C. (1921). Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. . In P. Wytsman, ed., // "Genera Insectorum"", fasc. , 174A, 1-94.
Emery, C. (1922). Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. . In P. Wytsman, ed., // "Genera Insectorum"", fasc. , 174B-C, 95-397.
Holldobler, B. and E. O. Wilson. (1990). The Ants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kugler, C. (1978). A comparative study of the myrmicine sting apparatus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). // Stud. Ent., 20, 413-548.
Kugler, C. (1979). Evolution of the sting apparatus in the myrmicine ants. // Evolution, 33, 117-130.
Kugler, C. (1986). Sting of ants of the tribe Pheidologetini (Myrmicinae). // Insecta Mundi, 1, 221-230.
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©2005, Vladislav Krasilnikov
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