ТИПОВОЙ ВИД

СИНОНИМИЯ

Таксономия рода Cerapachys (по Bolton, 2003)

• Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 28.
• Cerapachys in Myrmicinae: Smith, F. 1857a: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 47 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 329 [Myrmicidae].
• Cerapachys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
• Cerapachys in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
• Cerapachys in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 (also misspelled Orapachys, same page); Forel, 1900d: 331; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 8; Arnold, 1915: 11; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
• Cerapachys in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Kempf, 1972a: 76; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА

Cerapachys

• Стебелёк 1-члениковый (петиоль), но первый брюшной сегмент имеет резкую перетяжку с другими сегментами и поэтому напоминает постпетиоль.
• Усики 11-12 члениковые.
• Тело узкое цилиндрическое, ноги короткие с толстыми бедрами.
• Мирмекофаги, питающиеся расплодом (иногда и имаго) других муравьев.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ

ФАУНА МИРА

ХРОМОСОМЫ

ЛИТЕРАТУРА ПО ФАУНЕ, ЭКОЛОГИИ И СИСТЕМАТИКЕ

Здесь собраны из базы Formis-2003 основные работы, где упомянут род Cerapachys:

• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1975. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. 5. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, and Aenictogitini. Search Agriculture 5. Entomology (Ithaca) 15: 1-115.
  Первая полная ревизия этой группы муравьев, включая Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini
  
  
• Bolton, B. (1990). Abdominal characters and status of the cerapachyine ants. Journal of Natural History 24: 53-68.
  
  
• Borgmeier, T. (1923). "Catalogo systematico e synonymico das formigas do Brasil. 1 parte. Subfam. Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae." Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio J. 24: 33-103.
  
  
• Holldobler, B. (1982). "Communication, raiding behavior and prey storage in Cerapachys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Psyche 89: 3-23.
  Исследована коммуникация и охотничье фуражировочное поведение путем рейдов. Raiding expeditions in Cerapachys turneri are organized by individual scout ants, that return to the colony after having discovered a nest of the prey species . The scout lays a chemical trail with secretions from the poison gland, which serve as recruitment and orientation signals for the nestmates. Circumstantial evidence suggests that in addition the scout releases a stimulating chemical recruitment signal from the pygidial gland. This occurs probably when the scouts move with their gaster held slightly upwards in a calling position. Wilson (1958) reports the field notes made by H. Potter on the cerapachyine species Phyracaces potteri, which contain the only available description of the early stages of a complete raid observed in the field. Before the raid started Potter noted a few workers moving rapidly about, 'each with its abdomen raised upwards'. These observations match closely my findings in the laboratory and lend further support to the hypothesis that in addition to the trails laid with poison gland secretions, anotherstimulating signal is discharged, presumably from the pygidial gland of the recruiting ants. Wilson (1958) observed groups of Phyracaces moving along a raiding trail laid down by a raiding party on the previous day. In this case no individual leadership was involved and the foragers seemed to emerge from the nest randomly without a special recruitment stimulation by scout ants. Obviously these ants were following an established foraging trail, leading to a previously raided Pheidole nest which appeared to be vacated this time. Small exploratory parties conducted brief excursions to the side, but in most cases they turned back to the main trail. No nest suitable for raiding was found during these explorations. These observations strongly suggest that chemical trails laid during raiding expeditions might still function as orientation cues one day later and that foraging parties can follow these established trails without the leadership of a recruiting scout ant. Indeed, my laboratory experiments with Cerapachys have demonstrated that artificial trails drawn with poison gland material are effective as orientation cues at least for several hours. Although the raiding cerapachyine ants are usually enourmously outnumbered by the worker force of the prey species, not one Cerapachys worker was lost during all the raiding experiments in the laboratory. As can be seen from Fig.2, Cerapachys and Sphinctomyrmex are excellently protected by a heavily sclerotized cuticle. The intersegmental joints, that is, the joints between head and thorax and between thorax, petiole and gaster, are covered by cuticular projections so that no intersegmental membrane is exposed, even if the ant is twisted and bent to an extreme degree. In addition, Cerapachys and probably all the other cerapachyine ants have a most powerful sting that immobilizes the opponents within seconds. Not only the adults of the raided colony, but also the captured larvae and pupae are stung by the raiders before they are retrieved to the Cerapachys nest. Observations and experiments demonstrated that the prey larvae are kept in a stage of metabolic stasis and can thereby be stored for a period of more than two months. This food storage system enables Cerapachys to adjust the raiding activities to food requirement and supply. From the laboratory experiments we can conclude that Cerapachys does not conduct daily or periodic raiding expeditions. The frequency of raiding expeditions depends on the food supply stored inside the Cerapachys nest. I was unable to demonstrate periodic nomadic behavior in cerapachys in the laboratory. I assume that nest emigrations might occur relatively frequently in this species, but that they do not follow a periodic pattern. instead, environmental factors such as food supply or physical conditions of the nest site are likely to play the important role in inducing a Cerapachys colony to emigrate.
  
  
• Ravary, F. and P. Jaisson (2002). "The reproductive cycle of thelytokous colonies of Cerapachys biroi Forel (Formicidae, Cerapachyinae)." Insect. Soc. 49(2): 114-119.
  Репродуктивный цикл телитокических семей муравьев Cerapachys biroi исследован в лабораторных условиях. It included several stages, the duration of which was assessed by direct observation on experimental nests set up by fission of natural, queenless, colonies. The results show that two phases of adult activity alternated while cohorts of brood developed synchronously. During the statary phase, virgin workers laid diploid eggs simultaneously but no foraging activity was observed until the following phase which began after the callow workers of the previous brood cohort emerged and the eggs hatched. During this foraging phase, workers explored intensively for food while larvae matured synchronously. Biometrical measures allowed to determine that three larval instars occurred in this species. While larvae started pupation, workers stopped to forage and the next statary phase took place, during which a new cohort of eggs was laid and pupae matured. This repeated phasic reproductive cycle where adult activity and development of the brood are synchronised reminds that of true army ants (subfamily Ecitoninae), which brings new arguments in favour of a filiation between both groups.
  
  
• Wilson, E. O. (1958). "Observations on the behavior of the cerapachyine ants." Insect. Soc. 5: 129-140.
  
  

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