ЛИТЕРАТУРА ПО БИОЛОГИИ, ЭКОЛОГИИ, ФАУНЕ И СИСТЕМАТИКЕ РОДА Proceratium

1758 - 2005

Здесь собраны из базы Formis-2003 основные работы (род Linepithema упоминается в 605 работах, в том числе в заголовках 37 статей, вид Linepithema humile упоминается в 575 статьях, а как =Iridomyrmex humilis - в 701 статьях и в 146 заголовках):



1. Bond, W. and P. Slingsby (1984). "Collapse of an ant-plant mutualism: the Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) and myrmecochorous Proteaceae." Ecology 65: 1031-1037.
   У многих растений в Cape fynbos shrublands (Южная Африка) их семена распространяют муравьи. Вид Iridomyrmex humilis недавно вторгся в местную фауну fynbos и вытеснил местных доминантных муравьев, но менее успешен в обнаружении семян мирмекохорных растений Mimetes cucullatus (Proteaceae), переносит их на меньшее расстояние и хуже сохраняет их в своих гнездах, чаще теряет семена, а оставленные на земле эти семена съедаются позвоночными и беспозвоночными животными. To study seedling emergence, seed depots were established and the the area was burned. Emergence was 35.3% in sites not infested by Iridomyrmex and 0.7% in infested sites. Seedlings in naturally occurring stands of M. cucullatus burnt in the same fire were widely distributed in non-infested sites, but were fewer and were confined within the canopy radius in infested sites. Авторы делают вывод, что вторжение Аргентинских муравьев Iridomyrmex может привести к исчезновению многих редких видов растений семейства Proteaceae южноафриканской провинции Cape путем медленного и постепенного истощения запаса их самян.
   
   
2. Buys, B. (1987). "Competition for nectar between Argentine ants (Iridomyrmex humilis) and honeybees (Apis mellifera) on black ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)." S. Afr. J. Zool. - S.-Afr. Tydskr. Dierk. 22: 173-174.
   
   
3. Cordova-Yamauchi, L., E. Gianoli, et al. (1998). "The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) is sensitive to semiochemicals involved in the spacing behaviour in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)." Eur. J. Entomol. 95: 501-508.
   
   
4. De Kock, A. E. (1990). "Interactions between the introduced Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, and two indigenous fynbos ant species." J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr. 53: 107-108.
   
   
5. De Kock, A. E. and J. H. Giliomee (1989). "A survey of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South African fynbos." J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr. 52: 157-164.
   
   
6. Division, E. (1977). "Tasmania's war against the Argentine ant." Tasman. J. Agric. Tasman. Dep. Agric. 48: 97-100.
   
   
7. Dreistadt, S. H., K. S. Hagen, et al. (1986). "Predation by Iridomyrmex humilis [Hym.: Formicidae] on eggs of Chrysoperla carnea [Neu.: Chrysopidae] released for inundative control of Illinoia liriodendri [Hom.: Aphididae] infesting Liriodendron tulipifera." Entomophaga 31: 397-400.
   Аргентинские муравьи уничтожают 98% яиц хищных златоглазок Chrysoperla carnea [Neu.: Chrysopidae], которых используют для борьбы с тлями Illinoia liriodendri [Hom.: Aphididae]
   
   
8. Ducote, K. A. (1977). A microgeographic analysis of an introduced species: the argentine ant in the Santa Monica Mountains, Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
   Диссертация о влиянии интродуцированного Аргентинского муравья на местную фауну Калифорнии.
   
   
9. Durr, H. J. R. (1952). "The Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)." Farm. S. Africa 54: 381-384, 390.
   
   
10. Durr, H. J. R. (1954). "The relative attractiveness of various poison baits to the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr. 17: 93-95.
    
    
11. Durr, H. J. R. (1955). "The control of the Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) by means of DDT, chlordane and dieldrin." J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr. 18: 7-12.
    
    
12. Durr, H. J. R. (1956). "Sekere Waarnemings aangaande die Seisonengeskiedenis van die Argentynse mier, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), onder Winterreenvaltoestande." Tydskrif Wetenskap Kuns (n.s.) 16: 206-209.
    = Investigation on the seasonal history of the argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), under conditions of winter rainfall. Keywords from: Buys, B., 1990, Relationships between argentine ants and honeybees in South Africa, p. 519-524, In R.K. Vander Meer, K. Jaffe & C. Cedeno (ed), Applied myrmecology, a world perspective, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 741 p.
    
    
13. Durr, H. J. R., C. J. Joubert, et al. (1955). "A biological evaluation of the effects, two years after application to the soil, of aldrin, chlordane and dieldrin, on workers of the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)." J. Entomol. Soc. South. Afr. 18: 235-237.
    
    
14. Erickson, J. M. (1971 (1972)). "The displacement of native ant species by the introduced Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr." Psyche 78: 257-266.
    
    
15. Espadaler, X. and C. Gуmez (2003). "The argentine ant, Linepithema humile, in the Iberian Peninsula." Sociobiology 42: 187-192.
    Уточнено распространение Аргентинского муравья в Испании и Португалии. Картирование показало отчетливые периферические особенности локального ареала этого вида, который привязан к побережьям и низким высотам. A few discordant localities are noted. The possible significance of climate warming in its expansion, by allowing for a longer activity period, is discussed.
    
    
16. Forschler, B. T. and G. M. Evans (1994). "Perimeter treatment strategy using containerized baits to manage Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." J. Entomol. Sci. 29: 264-267.
    
    
17. Foster, E. (1908). "The introduction of Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) into New Orleans." J. Econ. Entomol. 1: 289-293.
    
    
18. Gambino, P. (1990). "Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) predation on yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in California." Sociobiology 17: 287-298.
    
    
19. Giraud, L. (1982). Contribution а l'etude de la biologie d'Iridomyrmex humilis (Hym. Dolichoderinae). Principe d'une lutte integree, Thиse 3eme cycle, Universite de Paris V, 153 p.
    
    
20. Gordon, D. M., L. Moses, et al. (2001). "Effect of weather on infestation of buildings by the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Am. Midl. Nat. 146: 321-328.
    
    
21. Haskins, C. P. and E. F. Haskins (1965). "Pheidole megacephala and Iridomyrmex humilis in Bermuda--equilibrium or slow replacement?" Ecology 46: 736-740.
    
    
22. Haskins, C. P. and E. F. Haskins (1988). "Final observations on Pheidole megacephala and Iridomyrmex humilis in Bermuda." Psyche 95: 177-184.
    
    
23. Holway, D. (1995). "Distribution of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in northern California." Conser. Biol. 9: 1634-1637.
    
    
24. Hooper-Bui, L. M. and M. K. Rust (2001). "An oral bioassay for the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile." Pest Manag. Sci. 57: 1011-1016.
    We have developed an oral bioassay to determine the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. We fed seven concentrations of hydramethylnon in suspension to individual workers or queens, determined the amount of hydramethylnon ingested and evaluated the individual ants for mortality 14 days later. At concentrations > or = 0.37 g liter-1, the amount of liquid the queens ingested decreased dramatically, indicating that Argentine ant queens may detect hydramethylnon. Significantly larger volumes of the two highest concentrations of the hydramethylnon suspension were ingested by the workers, compared to the lower concentrations, suggesting that hydramethylnon may act as a feeding stimulant for the workers. Worker mortality was higher than queen mortality at the highest concentrations tested. The highest worker mortality resulted when the ants ingested 1.03 microgram of hydramethylnon per mg of ant tissue. At the highest concentration (1.0 g liter-1) tested, workers ingested almost 12 times as much active ingredient per mg of body weight as did queens, suggesting that, in order to increase mortality of queens, multiple feedings must occur.
    
    
25. Human, K. G. and D. M. Gordon (1996). "Exploitation and interference competition between the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant species." Oecologia 105: 405-412.
    Preliminary baiting tested cookie crumbs (Pecan Sandies), tuna & crickets, with C. semitestaceus, L. humile, M. andrei, & P. californica; indicated that the ants either preferred cookie crumbs or were equally attracted to all baits. Cookie crumbs used in baiting during the summer of 1993. Then, baits combining tuna, cookie, & honey were used from Sept 1993 to November 1994. L. humile were consistently better than native ants at exploiting food sources & foraged longer periods throught out the day. L. humile & native ants frequently fought at baits. L. humile preyed on winged native ant queens. L. humile expanded its range by interference with foraging and preventing the colony founding of native ants.
    
    
26. Ingram, K. K. (2002). "Plasticity in queen number and social structure in the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)." Evolution 56: 2008-2016.
    
    
27. Jenkins, C. F. H. (1961). "The Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) in Western Australia." West. Austral. Dep. Agri. J 2: 683-684.
    
    
28. Kaufmann, B., J. J. Boomsma, Passera, L., Petersen, K.N. (1992). "Relatedness and inbreeding in a french population of the unicolonial ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)." Insect. Soc. 39: 195-200.
    
    
29. Kaufmann, B., J. J. Boomsma, et al. (1994). Genetic structure of six populations of the argentine ant Linepithema humile (=Iridomyrmex humilis) and the mechanisms of gene dispersal. Les Insectes Sociaux. 12th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Paris, Sorbonne, 21-27 August 1994. A. Lenoir, G. Arnold and M. Lepage. Paris, Universite Paris Nord: 334.
    
    
30. Keller, L. (1985). Etude de la monogynie experimentale et de ses implications chez une espиce de fourmis polygyne (Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)), Travail de diplome. Universite de Lausanne, 63 p.
    
    
31. Keller, L. (1988). "Evolutionary implications of polygyny in the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): an experimental study." Anim. Behav. 36: 159-165.
    A comparison of several physiological parameters of queens of Iridomyrmex humilis in experimental mongynous and polygynous colonies showed that queens in monogynous colonies became heavier, had more developed ovaries and laid about twice as many eggs. Workers in monogynous colonies were more attracted to queens, which therefore probably received more food. This may partially explain the higher weight and fecundity of queens in monogynous colonies of Iridomyrmex humilis and possibly other ant species. In polygynous colonies queens differed greatly in their fecundity. These differences did not appear to be the result of a dominance hierarchy. These results are discussed from an evolutionary point of view. Two hypotheses of mutualism and colony level selection are proposed as an alternative to kin selection which is unlikely to be the exclusive selective influence in the evolution of polygyny either in I. humilis or in most other ant species.
    
    
32. Keller, L. (1988). "Pouvoir attractif des reines de la fourmi d'Argentine, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). Rфle de la polygynie et du statut physiologique des reines." Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 79: 93-102.
    [= Attractiveness of queens in the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)] The fecundity of queens of Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) as measured by an oviposition test in isolation was correlated with their weight. The relative attractiveness of queens to workers was not correlated with either their weight or fecundity. Comparison of these results with those on other ant species show that queens of I. humilis have a relatively low level of attractiveness. This low attractiveness may result from the high number of queens per nest in I. humilis. This hypothesis is supported by the comparison of the attractiveness of queens in experimental monogynous and polygynous colonies which showed that queens in monogynous colonies have a higher attractiveness to workers. As a consequence of their higher attractiveness, queens in monogynous colonies probably receive more food. This may partially explain the higher weight and fecundity of queens in monogynous colonies. These results are discussed with regard to some implications of polygyny.
    
    
33. Keller, L., G. L'Hoste, et al. (1996). "Queen number influences the primary sex ratio in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (=Iridomyrmex humilis)." Anim. Behav. 51: 445-449.
    Hymenoptera are characterized by a haplodiploid sex determination system where females are diploid and males haploid. Because females can decide whether they fertilize their eggs they have control over the sex of their offspring. Females are thus expected to lay haploid and diploid eggs in a ratio that maximizes their fitness. A surprising finding of recent studies on the primary sex ratio of ants has been that queens lay male eggs outside the time of production of sexuals, a period during which all haploid eggs are usually destroyed by workers. It has been suggested that the production of a high proportion of haploid eggs by queens might be a mechanism to achieve higher reproductive success when the colony loses all its queens and rears new sexuals from the brood present within the colony. Here it is shown that, as predicted by this hypothesis, the proportion of haploid eggs laid by Linepithema humile queens is higher in colonies containing several queens than in single-queen colonies. Because L. humile sexuals mate in the nest, the females that produce a higher proportion of haploid eggs should have higher fitness when the colony sex ratio of the brood is female-biased and sons of several queens compete to fertilize the new queens produced.
    
    
34. Keller, L. and D. Fournier (2002). "Lack of inbreeding avoidance in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile." Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13(1): 28-31.
    Although workers might increase their inclusive fitness by favoring closer over more distant kin, evidence suggest that nepotism generally does not occur within colonies of social insects. It has been suggested that this may be due to the cost of recognition errors. We tested whether recognition occurs in a system where a better than random ability to recognize kin should be selected for. Using DNA microsatellites, we show that sexuals of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile fail to use genetic cues to avoid sib-mating. When offspring of two queens were allowed to mate, the percentage of matings among siblings was not significantly lower than expected under the hypothesis of random mating. The finding that sexuals fail to use genetic cues to avoid sib-matings cannot be attributed to the cost of recognition errors because any recognition system that would lead to a better than random ability to avoid sib-mating should be selected for when there are costs to inbreeding. These data are thus consistent with the view that kin recognition mediated solely by genetic cues might be intrinsically error prone within colonies of social insects.
    
    
35. Keller, L. and L. Passera (1988). "Energy investment in gynes of the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) in relation to the mode of colony founding in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Int. J. Inv. Repr. Dev. 13: 31-38.
    The increase in weight, fat and energy content of queens was studied in Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) in relation to the mode of colony founding in ants. The increase in energy content of gynes during the time between emergenge and mating reaches only 80% in this species in which queens found colonies with the help of workers (dependent mode), whereas it can reach 470% in species in which queens found colonies without the help of workers (independent mode). These results are discussed with regard to the investment in energy required by each mode of colony founding.
    
    
36. Keller, L., L. Passera, et Suzzoni, J.P. (1989). "Queen execution in the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis." Physiol. Entomol. 14: 157-163.
    Field censuses and laboratory experiments show that in the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), c. 90% of the queens are executed by workers in May, at the beginning of the reproductive season. The reduction in the number of queens probably decreases the inhibition exerted by queens on the differentiation of sexuals and thus allows the production of new queens and males shortly thereafter. In the laboratory, there was no correlation between the percentage of queens executed and their weight or fecundity. At the time of execution of queens, nearly all queens were of the same age; less than 1 year. Therefore it is not likely that the age of queens plays any role in the choice that workers make in the queens they executed. Execution of these queens results in a heavy energetic cost for the colony which amounts c. 8% of the total biomass. This behaviour of workers executing nestmate queens is discussed with regard to possible evolutionary significance at the queen and worker level.
    
    
37. Kennedy, T. A. (1998). "Patterns of an invasion by Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) in a riparian corridor and its effects on ant diversity." Am. Midl. Nat. 140: 343-350.
    
    
38. Knight, R. L. (1989). Urban pest ants of California and pest management strategies for the argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), M.S. thesis, Univ. California, Riverside. 105 p.
    
    
39. Krieger, M. J. B. and L. Keller (1999). "Low polymorphism at 19 microsatellite loci in a French population of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile)." Mol. Ecol. 8: 1078-1080.
    
    
40. Krieger, M. J. B. and L. Keller (2000). "Mating frequency and genetic structure of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile." Mol. Ecol. 9: 119-126.
    
    
41. Kusnezov, N. (1958). "Nota sobre la sinonimia de Linepithema Mayr (Hym. Formicidae. Dolichoderinae)." Acta Zool. Lilloana 16: 273.
    
    
42. Kutter, H. (1981). "Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr (Hym., Formicidae), Gattung und Art neu fur die Schweiz." Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 54: 171-172.
    Аргентинский муравей Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr впервые обнаружен в Швейцарии
    
    
43. Lieberburg, I., P. M. Kranz, et Seip, A. (1975). "Bermudian ants revisited: the status and interaction of Pheidole megacephala and Iridomyrmex humilis." Ecology 56: 473-478.
    
    
44. Lorite, P., E. Chica, et al. (1996). "Cytogenetic studies of ant Linepithema humile Shattuck [sic] (=Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr) in European populations." Caryologia 49: 199-205.
    
    
45. Majer, J. D. (1993). "Control of argentine ants, Linepithema humile ( Mayr), in Western Australia-the past, present and future." Harvest 15: 10-12.
    
    
46. Majer, J. D. (1994). Spread of Argentine Ants (Linepithema humile), with Special Reference to Western Australia. Exotic ants: Biology, impact, and control of introduced species. D. F. Williams. Boulder, CO. 332 p., Westview Press: 163-173.
    
    
47. Mally, C. W. (1918). "Natural enemies of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr." S. Afr. J. Sci. 14: 244-247.
    
    
48. Markin, G. P. (1967). Food distribution within colonies of the argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr), Ph.D. dissert., University of California, Riverside, 150 p.
    [Dissert. Abstr. Int. B 29: 230] [Order # AAC 6809762]
    
    
49. Markin, G. P. (1968). "Nest relationship of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 41: 511-516.
    
    
50. Markin, G. P. (1970). "The seasonal life cycle of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in southern California." Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 63: 1238-1242.
    
    
51. Markin, G. P. and C. W. McCoy (1968). "The occurrence of a nematode, Diploscapter lycostoma, in the pharyngeal glands of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis." Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61: 505-509.
    
    
52. Martinez, M. D., C. Ornosa, et al. (1997). "Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en las viviendas de Madrid." Bol. Asoc. Esp. Entomol. 21: 275-276.
    
    
53. Nonacs, P. and J. L. Soriano (1998). "Patch sampling behaviour and future foraging expectations in Argentine ants, Linepithema humile." Anim. Behav. 55: 519-527.
    Nests of Argentine ants, L. humile, were exposed to pairs of foraging patches of varying quality. These patches varied from never having food to having food for 4 h every day. After 15 days, colonies were allowed an added access to a new patch. The new patch, however, never contained food. The sampling behaviour of nests towards the initial patches and the new patch suggested that the nests were using a sampling rule based on maximizing net benefits of finding food minus the cost of sampling. The behaviour of the nests towards the new patch was also significantly affected by what the foraging workers had previously encountered in the foraging patches. The behaviour of the L. humile colonies is similar in pattern to what would result by Bayesian updating of expectations for success in novel foraging opportunities. These data are the first suggestions of such an ability in an insect.
    
    
54. Orr, M. R. and S. H. Seike (1998). "Parasitoids deter foraging by Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) in their native habitat in Brazil." Oecologia 117: 420-425.
    
    
55. Orr, M. R., S. H. Seike, et al. (2001). "Host specificity of Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) parasitoids that attack Linepithema (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America." Environ. Entomol. 30: 742-747.
    The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), is native to South America and invasive in many parts of the world, including North America. Various morphological forms of L. humile exist in South America, and it is possible that some forms may comprise distinct species. In Brazil, L. humile is reported to be attacked by parasitoids in the genus Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae). If Pseudacteon parasitoids attack the invasive form of L. humile, they may be candidates for biological control of this ant. We compared body size, scape length, and pronotal pilosity among populations of L. humile that were attacked by parasitoids and those that lacked parasitoids. Ants that hosted parasitoids at foraging trails in Brazil tended to have more pronotal hairs and shorter scapes than ants that did not host parasitoids in Brazil, Argentina, and North America. We used paired experimental trials to determine whether phorid parasitoids exhibit narrow host specificity or whether they will attack the invasive form of L. humile if given the opportunity. Parasitoids located their natural host form but did not locate either North American L. humile or morphologically similar ants from Brazil. Together these results suggest that various forms previously treated as L. humile are in fact separate species, that L. humile is not a natural host of the parasitoids studied here, and that these parasitoids are not candidates for biological control of Argentine ants in North America.
    
    
56. Paiva, M. R., M. J. Way, et al. (1998). "A formiga argentina Linepithema (Iridomyrmex) humile (Mayr.) - factores ecolуgicos restrivos da sua expansгo em Portugal continental." Bol. Soc. Port. Entomol. 7: 17-25.
    
    
57. Passera, L. and S. Aron (1993). "Factors controlling dealation and egg laying in virgin queens of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) (=Iridomyrmex humilis)." Psyche 100: 51-63.
    
    
58. Passera, L., S. Aron, et al. (1995). "Elimination of sexual brood in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile: queen effect and brood recognition." Entomol. Exp. Appl. 75: 203-212.
    
    
59. Passera, L. and L. Keller (1994). "Mate availability and male dispersal in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) (=Iridomyrmex humilis)." Anim. Behav. 48: 361-369.
    In the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (= Iridomyrmex humilis) only males disperse whereas female sexuals (unmated winged queens) stay in their mother nest where they mate. This study investigated (1) whether dispersing males are accepted into foreign colonies, (2) whether they can mate with resident female sexuals, and (3) whether the propensity of males to disperse is affected by the expectation of mating in their mother nest. Field experiments demonstrated that males were accepted into foreign colonies only when these colonies contained female sexuals or queen pupae. Before and after the time of production of female sexuals, workers attacked and killed most of the foreign males. Laboratory experiments showed that males that successfully enter foreign colonies can mate with resident female sexuals. The propensity of males to disperse was significantly influenced by the presence of female sexuals in their nest. Males were more likely to fly out from colonies containing no female sexuals than from those with them. These results are consistent with males preferentially dispersing when there is little or no opportunity to mate in their mother nest. Thus there are two mating strategies available for males: staying in their mother nest when an opportunity to mate arises or dispersing and attempting to mate in a foreign nest when there are no female sexuals in their mother nest. This latter behaviour could mediate gene flow between colonies and account for the lack of significant inbreeding previously documented in this species.
    
    
60. Passera, L., L. Keller, et al. (1994). Outbreeding in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile and gene flow performed by the males. Les Insectes Sociaux. 12th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Paris, Sorbonne, 21-27 August 1994. A. Lenoir, G. Arnold and M. Lepage. Paris, Universitй Paris Nord: 119.
    
    
61. Sanders, N. J., K. E. Barton, et al. (2001). "Long-term dynamics of the distribution of the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant taxa in northern California." Oecologia 127: 123-130.
    
    
62. Skaife, S. H. (1955). "The Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr." Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 34: 355-377.
    
    
63. Skaife, S. H. (1962). "The distribution of the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr." Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 2: 297-298.
    
    
64. Theraulaz, G., E. Bonabeau, Sauwens, C., Deneubourg, J.L., Lioni, A., Libert, F., Passera, L., Sole, R. (2001). "Model of droplet dynamics in the Argentine ant Linepithema Humile (Mayr)." Bull. Math. Biol. 63: 1079-1093.
    
    
65. Theraulaz, G., A. Lioni, et al. (1996). "Dynamique de formation des grappes et des chaоnes chez la fourmi d'Argentine Linepithema humile (Iridomyrmex humilis)." Actes Coll. Insect. Soc. 10: 175-178.
    
    
66. Titus, E. S. G. (1905). Report on the 'New Orleans' ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), U.S. Bur. Entomol. Bull. No. 52, p. 79-84.
    
    
67. Tremper, B. S. (1976). Distribution of the argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, in relation to certain native ants of California: Ecological, physiological, and behavioral aspects, Ph.D. dissert., University of California at Berkley, 268 p.
    [Dissert. Abstr. Int. B 37: 4360] [Order # 7704626]
    
    
68. Tsutsui, N. D. and T. J. Case (2001). "Population genetics and colony structure of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in its native and introduced ranges." Evolution 55: 976-985.
    
    
69. Tsutsui, N. D., A. V. Suarez, et al. (2001). "Relationships among native and introduced populations of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and the source of introduced populations." Mol. Ecol. 10: 2151-2161.
    
    
70. van Schagen, J. J., P. R. Davis, et al. (1994). Ant Pests of Western Australia with Particular Reference to the Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile). Exotic ants: Biology, impact, and control of introduced species. D. F. Williams. Boulder, CO. 332 p., Westview Press: 174-180.
    
    
71. Van Vorhis Key, S. E. (1981). Trail following and recruitment to food by the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ph.D. dissert., University of California at Riverside, 140 p.
    [Dissert. Abstr. Int. B 42: 1747] [Order # 8122910]
    
    
72. Ward, P. S. (1987). "Distribution of the introduced Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) in natural habitats of the lower Sacramento Valley and its effects on the indigenous ant fauna." Hilgardia 55 (2): 1-16.
    Исследовано распространение Аргентинского муравья в долине Сакраменто (Калифорния) и его влияние на местную мирмекофауну. This study was designed to determine the extent to which the introduced argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis), a pest in urban and agricultural environments, has invaded natural habitats in the Lower Sacramento Valley, and its effects on the native ant fauna. Of 4 natural habitats surveyed (valley riparian woodland, foothill riparian woodland, blue oak-digger pine woodland, and chaparral) at 46 sites in Yolo and Solano counties, only valley riparian woodland was found to have been colonized by I. humilis. Riparian woodland sites occupied by I. humilis have permanent sources of water and tend to be environmentally degraded. Populations of I. humilis are common but patchily distributed along 4 principal riparian systems in Yolo and Solano counties (Ulatis Creek, Putah Creek, Cache Creek and the Sacramento River). Observations indicated that patches of semidisturbed riparian woodland provide refuges from which populations of I. humilis may invade adjacent agricultural land, and vice versa. The species richness of native ants is markedly reduced at riparian woodland sites occupied by I. humilis. Among the common native ants, epigaeic (above ground foraging) species are more susceptible to displacement by I. humilis than are hypogaeic species. The 3 most adversely affected species (Liometopum occidentale, Tapinoma sessile, and Formica occidua [=moki]), which are absent from sites colonized by I. humilis, are dominant epigaeic ants; 2 of the 3 least displaced species (S. diecki and S. californicum) are timid, cryptobiotic ants that forage in soil and leaf litter.
    
    
73. Way, M. J., M. E. Cammel, Paiva, M.R., Collingwood, C.A.(1997). "Distribution and dynamics of the Argentine ant Linepithema (Iridomyrmex) humile (Mayr) in relation to vegetation, soil conditions, topography and native competitor ants in Portugal." Insect. Soc. 44: 415-433.
    
    
74. Way, M. J., M. R. Paiva, et al. (1999). "Natural biological control of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) by the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) in Portugal." Agric. Forest Entomol. 1: 27-31.
    В Португалии интродуцированный туда Аргентинский муравей Linepithema humile подавляет гусениц бабочек Thaumetopoea pityocampa в сосновых лесах, в то время как местные муравьи этого не делают.
    
    
75. Wetterer, J. K., A. L. Wetterer, et al. (2001). "Impact of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile on the native ants of Santa Cruz Island, California." Sociobiology 38: 709-721.
    
    
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