������� ���� Crematogaster (5)
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Crematogaster: 1-Intro 2-RU 3-World 4-Reg 5-Lit
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1758 - 2004
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�������� �. �., ��������� �. �.(1987). � �������� Crematogaster sorokini Ruzs. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) // ���. ����, ���. ����. 1987. �. 92, � 6. �. 28 � 41.
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�������� �. �., ��������� �. �. (1988). ������� �� �������� ������� Crematogaster sorokini Ruzsky // ����. ������ ������������� �������� ���������. �., 1988. �. 73 � 76.
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�������� �. �. (1978). ������ ��������� �������� �������������� ������� (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) �������� Crematogaster subdentata // ����. ����. 1978. �. 57, � 2. �. 301 � 304.
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Attygalle, A. B., B. Siegel, Vostrowsky, O., Bestmann, H.J., Maschwitz, U. (1989). "Chemical composition and function of metapleural gland secretion of the ant Crematogaster deformis Smith (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae)." J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 317-328.
The secretion of the hypertrophied metapleural gland of the ant Crematogaster deformis contains a mixture of phenols, consisting mainly of 3-propylphenol, 3-pentylphenol, 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3- methylisocoumarin (mellein), 5-propylresorcinol, and 5-pentylresorcinol. The secretion is released, as a repellent, when the highly vulnerable petiolar-postpetiolar region of the abdomen is attacked by enemy ants. In addition, small amounts of the secretion are released regularly to serve as an antiseptic, which is considered the original function of the gland. The secretion also has some insecticidal properties.
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Baldacci, J. and W. R. Tschinkel (1999). "An experimental study of colony-founding in pine saplings by queens of the arboreal ant, Crematogaster ashmeadi." Insect. Soc. 46: 41-44.
C. ashmeadi queens search for trees on the basis of the height of a sapling and its number of dead branches. Bait was catfood vegtable oil slurry. Two sampling periods, 130 out of 167 baited trees, yielded ants, 26% had only C. ashmeadi; 8% had C. ashmeadi & terrestrial ants at the same sampling period; 5% had either C. ashmeadi or terrestrial ants at different sampling periods; 61% only had terrestrial ants.
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Billen, J. P. J. (1984). "Morphology of the tibial gland in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris." Naturwissenschaften 71: 324-325.
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Blum, M. S., R. M. Crewe, Sudd, J.H., Garrison, A.W. (1969). "2-Hexenal: isolation and function in a Crematogaster (Atopogyne) sp." J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 4: 145-148.
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Bolton, B. 1995. A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Harvard University Press.
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Brown, W. L., Jr. (1949). "Notes on Chinese ants: I. Crematogaster Lund." Mushi 20: 37-38.
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Buren, W. F. (1953). A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ph.D. dissert., Cornell University.
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Buren, W. F. (1959 ("1958")). "A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I." J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 66: 119-134.
Crematogaster acuta, Crematogaster ashmeadi, Crematogaster atkinsoni, Crematogaster californica, Crematogaster cerasi, Crematogaster clara, Crematogaster coarctata, Crematogaster depilis, Crematogaster laeviuscula, Crematogaster lineolata, Crematogaster opaca, Crematogaster pilosa, Crematogaster punctulata, Crematogaster sanguinea, Crematogaster scutellaris, Crematogaster sordidula, Crematogaster vermiculata
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Buren, W. F. (1968). "A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species." J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 3: 91-121.
Crematogaster arizonensis, Crematogaster ashmeadi, Crematogaster atkinsoni, Crematogaster browni, Crematogaster californica, Crematogaster cerasi, Crematogaster clara, Crematogaster coarctata, Crematogaster colei, Crematogaster dentinodis, Crematogaster depilis, Crematogaster emeryana, Crematogaster hespera, Crematogaster isolata, Crematogaster laeviuscula, Crematogaster larreae, Crematogaster lineolata, Crematogaster manni, Crematogaster marioni, Crematogaster mormonum, Crematogaster mutans, Crematogaster navajoa, Crematogaster nocturna, Crematogaster opaca, Crematogaster opuntiae, Crematogaster patei, Crematogaster rossi, Crematogaster pilosa, Crematogaster punctulata, Crematogaster rifelna, Crematogaster vermiculata
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Casevitz Weulersse, J. (1972). "Habitats et comportement nidificateur de Crematogaster scutellaris Olivier." Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 77: 12-19.
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Casevitz Weulersse, J. (1973). "Sur la presence de Crematogaster scutellaris Olivier (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) dans les suberaies de Sardaigne." Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 119: 45-63.
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Casevitz Weulersse, J. (1984). "Les larves � expansions laterales de Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) scutellaris (Olivier) (Hym. Formicidae)." Actes Coll. Insect. Soc. 1: 131-138.
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Casevitz Weulersse, J. (1984 (1983)). "Les larves de Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) scutellaris (Olivier) (Hym. Formicidae)." Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 88: 258-267.
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Casevitz Weulersse, J. (1991). "Reproduction et developpement des societes de Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1791) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 27: 103-111.
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Creighton, W. S. (1939). "A new subspecies of Crematogaster minutissima with revisionary notes concerning that species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Psyche 46: 137-140.
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Davidson, D. W., McKey, D. 1993. The evolutionary ecology of symbiotic ant-plant relationships. J. Hym. Res. 2:13-83.
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Emery, C. 1922. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part] Genera Insectorum 174B:95-206.
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Fiala, B., K. E. Jakob, Maschwitz, U., Linsenmair, K.E. (1999). "Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia." Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 66: 305-331.
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Fiala, B. and U. Maschwitz (1990). "Studies on the South East Asian ant-plant association Crematogaster borneensis/Macaranga: adaptations of the ant partner." Insect. Soc. 37: 212-231.
Summary: C. borneensis lives in close association with several myrmecophytic species of the South East Asian pioneer tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae). The ants are adapted to the plants so closely that they do not survive away from it. The only food they utilize is provided as food bodies by the plant and honeydew from specific scale insects kept inside the hollow internodes. The anatomy of the digestive tract is also adapted to life on the host plant: the crop is very small and can store only minute food quantities. Crematogaster borneensis colonizes certain Macaranga species. Queens as well as workers are able to recognize their host plant species, probably by chemical cues. Colony founding queens swarm throughout the year, mostly during darkness. There is strong competition among queens for host plants. Queens do not carry scale insects on their nuptial flight. Worker ants are active day and night. Most of them patrol and collect food bodies on the younger parts of the host plant. An important characteristic is their cleaning behaviour, which results in removal of all foreign objects. Even though they are rather small, workers respond very aggressively to certain kinds of disturbance of the host plant. The ants attack most phytophagous insects and are especially effective in killing and removing small, softbodied herbivores (e.g. caterpillars). They do not possess a functional sting, but apply defensive secretion and once biting an intruder will not let go. Their effective alarm system results in a mass attack, which provides adequate defense for the colony and the host plant. A comparison with another Crematogaster species further illustrated the special adaptations of C. borneensis to its host plant.
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Fiala, B., U. Maschwitz, Pong, T.Y., Helbig, A.J. (1989). "Studies of a South East Asian ant-plant association: protection of Macaranga trees by Crematogaster borneensis." Oecologia 79: 463-470.
Summary: In the humid tropics of SE Asia there are some 14 myrmecophytic species of the pioneer tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae). In Peninsula Malaysia a close association exists between the trees and the small, non-stinging myrmecine Crematogaster borneensis. These ants feed mainly on food bodies provided by the plants and have their colonies inside the hollow internodes. In a ten months field study we were able to demonstrate for four Macaranga species (M. triloba, M. hypoleuca, M. hosei, M. hulletti) that host plants also benefit considerably from ant-occupation. Ants do not contribute to the nutrient demands of their host plant, they do, however, protect it against herbivores and plant competition. Cleaning behaviour of the ants results in the removal of potential herbivores already in their earliest developmental stages. Strong aggressiveness and a mass recruiting system enable the ants to defend the host plant against many herbivorous insects. This results in a significant decrease in leaf damage due to herbivores on ant-occupied compared to ant-free myrmecophytes as well as compared to non-myrmecophytic Macaranga species. Most important is the ants� defense of the host plant against plant competitors, especially vines, which are abundant in the well-lit pioneer habitats where Macaranga grows. Ants bite off any foreign plant part coming into contact with their host plant. Both ant-free myrmecophytes and non-myrmecophytic Macaranga species had a significantly higher incidence of vine growth than specimens with active ant colonies. This may be a factor of considerable importance allowing Macaranga plants to grow at sites of strongest competition.
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Fowler, H. G. and E. M. Venticinque (1996). "Interference competition and scavenging by Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with the webs of the social spider Anelosimus eximius (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the Central Amazon." J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 69: 267-269.
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Gallardo, A. (1934). "Las hormigas de la Republica Argentina. Subfamilia Mirmicinas, segunda seccion Eumyrmicinae, tribu Crematogastrini (Forel), genero Crematogaster Lund." An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. Aires 38: 1-84.
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Garcia Perez, J. A. (1987). "Ant-plant relationships; environmental induction by early experience in two species of ants: Camponotus vagus (Formicinae) and Crematogaster scutellaris (Myrmicinae)." Folia Entomol. Mex. 71: 55-65.
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Heinze, J., S. Foitzik, Oberstadt, B., Ruppell, O., Hulldobler, B. (1999). "A female caste specialized for the production of unfertilized eggs in the ant Crematogaster smithi." Naturwissenschaften 86: 93-95.
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Inui, Y., T. Itioka, et al. (2001). "Chemical recognition of partner plant species by foundress ant queens in Macaranga-Crematogaster myrmecophytism." J. Chem. Ecol. 27: 2029-2040.
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Kempf, W. W. (1960). "Tranopeltoides Wheeler, a synonym of Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Entomol. News 71: 173-175.
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Leclercq, S., J. C. Braekman, Kaisin, M., Daloze, D., Detrain, C., de Biseau, J.C., Pasteels, J.M. (1997). "Venom constituents of three species of Crematogaster ants from Papua New Guinea." J. Nat. Prod. 60: 1143-1147.
Fourteen new long-chain derivatives (1j-1l, 2j-2l, 4a-4f, 6, and 7) have been isolated, together with the known 4-oxo-2,5-dienyl acetates 1g-1i and 4-oxo-2,5-dienals 2g-2i, from the defensive secretions of three species of Crematogaster ants from Papua-New Guinea. Their structures have been established by HREIMS and 1H-NMR studies, and by MS-MS analyses of the dimethyl disulfide derivatives 3a-3f, 5a-5f, and 8a-8f. These results, together with those already reported on the three European Crematogaster species, suggest that the production of long-chain electrophilic contact poisons is a characteristic feature of this ant genus.
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Longino, J. T. (2003). "The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica." Zootaxa 151: 1-150.
�������� 31 ��� � ����������� 11 ����� ��� ����� �����: Crematogaster bryophilia, C. flavomicrops, C. flavosensitiva, C. foliocrypta, C. jardinero, C. levior, C. monteverdensis, C. raptor, C. snellingi, C. sotobosque, C. wardi sp.n.
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Mercado, K. N. (1962). "Mutualism between Trigona compressa Latr. and Crematogaster stolli Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 70: 215-217.
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Onoyama, K. (1998). "Taxonomic notes on the ant genus Crematogaster in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Entomol. Sci. 1: 227-232.
����� ���������: C. matsumurai var. iwatensis Santschi is a n.syn. of C. matsumurai Forel; C. laboriosa Smith 1874 is a n.syn. of C. nawai Ito; n.stat. for 1874 C. nawai Ito, C. teranishii Santschi, & C. vagula Wheeler.
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Santschi, F. (1937). "Contribution � l'etude des Crematogaster palearctiques." Mem. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 5: 295-317.
������������ ���� Crematogaster (������� �������, �������� ������)
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Sellenschlo, U. (1993). "Crematogaster scutellaris (Oliv.) (Hym., Myrmicidae) nach Norddeutschland eingeschleppt." Anz. Schadlingskd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 66: 105-107.
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Soulie, J. (1956). "Le declenchement et la rupture de l'etat d'hibernation chez Crematogaster scutellaris Ol. (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea)." Insect. Soc. 3: 431-438.
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Soulie, J. (1957). "Quelques notes sur l'hibernation chez la fourmi Crematogaster scutellaris Ol. et chez une esp�ce voisine Crematogaster auberti Em. (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea)." Insect. Soc. 4: 365-373.
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Soulie, J. (1960). "La'sociabilite' des Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea)." Insect. Soc. 7: 369-376.
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Soulie, J. (1961). "Quelques notes ethologiques sur la vie dans le nid chez deux especes Mediterraneennes de Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea." Insect. Soc. 8: 95-98.
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Soulie, J. (1962). "Notes sur les champs trophoporiques de quelques especes francaises du genre Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea)." Insect. Soc. 9: 265-272.
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Soulie, J. (1962). "Un nid lignicole de Crematogaster Cambodgien (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea)." Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 97: 311-315.
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Stapley, L. (1999). "Physical worker castes in colonies of an acacia-ant (Crematogaster nigriceps) correlated with an intra-colonial division of defensive behaviour." Insect. Soc. 46: 146-149.
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Swain, R. B. (1980). "Trophic competition among parabiotic ants Crematogaster limata parabiotica nesting with Camponotus femoratus, and nesting with Monacis debilis in Brazil." Insect. Soc. 27: 377-390.
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Weir, J. S. and R. Kiew (1986). "A reassessment of the relations in Malaysia between ants (Crematogaster) on trees (Leptospermum and Dacrydium) and epiphytes of the genus Dischidia (Asclepiadaceae) including 'ant-plants'." Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 27: 113-132.
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Wheeler, D. E. (1986). "Ectatomma tuberculatum: foraging biology and association with Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 79: 300-303.
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Wheeler, D. E. and P. H. Krutzsch (1994). "Ultrastructure of the spermatheca and its associated gland in the Crematogaster opuntiae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Zoomorphology (Berl.) 114: 203-212.
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Wheeler, W. M. (1919). "A new paper-making Crematogaster from the southeastern United States." Psyche 26: 107-112.
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Wheeler, W. M. (1930). "A new parasitic Crematogaster from Indiana." Psyche 37: 55-60.
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Wheeler, W. M. (1933). "A second parasitic Crematogaster." Psyche 40: 83-86.
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Wheeler, W. M. (1936). "A singular Crematogaster from Guatemala." Psyche 43: 40-48.
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Wood, W. F. and B. Chong (1975). "Alarm pheromones of the East African acacia symbionts: Crematogaster mimosae and C. negriceps [sic]." J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 10: 332-334.
the ants live in the thorns of the Acacia
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Wood, W. F., T. M. Palmer, et al. (2002). "A comparison of volatiles in mandibular glands from three Crematogaster ant symbionts of the whistling thorn acacia." Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 217-222.
GC-MS analyses of dichloromethane extracts of the mandibular glands from three coexisting Crematogaster species, C. mimosae, C. nigriceps, and C. sjostedti, showed distinct differences in the 28 volatile compounds that were identified. The variations of gland components in these ant species may facilitate species identification and lead to species-specific alarm and defence responses that influence their competitive interactions. 3-Hexanol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylpropenal, and 3-decanone were found in all three species. The mandibular glands of C. nigriceps contain 7 compounds not detected in the two other species; 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-hexanol, 3-methyl-2-heptanone, 3-methyl-2-heptanol, 2-phenylethanol and 2-methylheptanoic acid. C. sjostedti's mandibular gland secretion also contains 7 compounds not detected in the other two species; butanoic acid, 3-heptanol, 2-methylpentanoic acid, glycerol, 6-methyl-3-octanol, 2-pyrrolidinone and 3-nonanol. Nonanal was the only compound detected solely in extracts of C. mimosae.
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Young, A. M. (1986). "Presence of an orchid bee (Euglossa sp.) nest and an ant (Crematogaster limata palans) nest in a cacao pod (Theobroma cacao) (Hymenoptera: Apidae, formicidae, Resp.)." Entomol. News 97: 156-162.
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©2005, Vladislav Krasilnikov
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